Online games have become a vital source of entertainment, and their popularity has skyrocketed in recent years. From mobile applications to full-blown desktop versions, online games are everywhere. They come in all shapes and sizes, from action-packed shooter games to simple casino entertainments. But have you ever wondered what programming languages are behind your favorite online games? 

HTML5/JavaScript

It’s a combination of web technologies that developers have been using to build online games. The advantage of building online games using these technologies is their cross-platform compatibility. The games can run on different platforms, including desktops, smartphones, and tablets. HTML5/JavaScript is also used to build gambling games such as online slots and poker games. Some popular online games built using HTML5/JavaScript include Candy Crush Saga, Angry Birds, and Bejeweled.

Java

Game developers love Java because of its ‘Write Once, Run Anywhere’ feature. Some famous online games built on Java include Minecraft, RuneScape, and many others.

Java-based Frameworks for 2024

For decades, Java-based frameworks have remained an integral cornerstone of the programming sphere, evolving in tandem with technological progress. Forecasts suggest that by 2024, a select group of these frameworks will emerge as industry leaders. Developers now enjoy a spectrum of choices, spanning from established stalwarts like Spring and Hibernate to emerging contenders such as Micronaut and Helidon.

Amidst the ever-complex landscape of technology, developers face the crucial task of staying informed about the latest frameworks. This proactive approach ensures that their projects maintain efficiency and effectiveness within an evolving technological paradigm. As the technological tapestry expands, developers must remain attuned to the pulse of innovation encapsulated within these evolving Java-based frameworks.

C++ 

It stands tall as a high-level programming language revered for its unmatched speed and performance, particularly cherished within the game development realm. Over the years, it has served as the backbone for creating games across diverse platforms like Windows, iOS, and Android. Widely known for its ability to craft visually striking and graphically intensive games, it has played a pivotal role in the development of gaming classics like Tomb Raider, Grand Theft Auto, and Unreal Tournament.

Learning the Ropes

While mastering C++ might pose initial challenges, it emerges as a rewarding choice for beginners delving into the world of programming. As a programming expert, I firmly advocate for beginners to adopt C++ as their inaugural language. It lays a sturdy groundwork for grasping advanced programming concepts and finds extensive application across various industries.

Choosing appropriate learning resources tailored for novices becomes pivotal. Visual programming environments, interactive tutorials, and online courses offering hands-on practice serve as top-notch learning avenues. With the right tools and a penchant for learning, newcomers swiftly grasp programming basics, setting the stage to create their programs swiftly.

Essential Tools for the Journey

Venturing into computer programming, particularly for those new to C++, can feel daunting. The key is having suitable equipment that aligns with beginners’ needs. Optimal devices are intuitive, user-friendly, and boast a simplified interface to navigate the coding landscape effortlessly.

The ideal equipment fosters a conducive learning environment that nurtures creativity and self-expression. It’s about providing a seamless experience that enables newcomers to delve into coding fundamentals without grappling with technological complexities. With such tools at hand, learning effective and efficient coding becomes second nature, laying a robust foundation for future programming pursuits.

Trends & Styles in Programming in the Last 10 Years

The landscape of programming has undergone significant changes in the past decade, with new trends and styles emerging in response to a growing demand for more sophisticated software solutions. 

One notable trend has been the rise of agile development methodologies, which emphasize collaboration, flexibility, and continuous iteration. Another trend is the increasing popularity of cloud computing and virtualization technologies, which allow developers to deploy applications more efficiently and scale them more easily. 

Additionally, there has been a surge in the use of open source software and frameworks, which offer cost-effective alternatives to proprietary tools and libraries. As the field of programming continues to evolve, it will be fascinating to see which trends and styles continue to emerge and shape the software development landscape in the years to come.

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Can different zones in the house be programmed in different programming languages?

Have you ever wondered if you could program different zones of your home in various coding languages? Well, the answer is yes! This is possible thanks to the advancements in home automation technology. Picture this: your kitchen and living room are programmed in Python, while your bedroom and bathroom are programmed in Java. The possibilities are endless! Imagine being able to control the lighting and temperature in each room with a simple command in different programming languages. The future of home automation is bright, and the ability to program different zones in different coding languages is just the beginning of what’s to come. Get ready for a new level of excitement in the world of home automation!

How safe is it to use open source libraries for your smart home?

Are you ready for the future of smart homes? With open source libraries, the possibilities are endless! But let’s get to the point: how safe is it to use open source libraries for your smart home? The answer is simple: very safe! Open source software is constantly being reviewed and improved by a large community of developers, making it even more secure than traditional proprietary software. Plus, with open source libraries, you have the ability to customize and personalize your smart home to fit your unique needs. So go ahead, dive into the world of open source libraries and create the smart home of your dreams!

Where is the best place to put the server room in your smart home?

As you start building your dream smart home, there’s one crucial decision you need to make- where to place the server room. Trust me; this is an exciting decision to make! After all, this is where all your automated systems like lighting, security, heating, and air conditioning get their intelligence from. The server room will house all the wires, the processors, and the brains that will keep your smart home running smoothly. So, where’s the best place to put it? Is it in your basement, your attic, or even your garage? Well, the answer depends on your specific needs and preferences. There’s no one-size-fits-all solution. However, with some expert advice, you can settle on the perfect location for your smart home server room. Are you ready to get started? The possibilities are endless!

How to build redundant network access points for your smart home

Are you ready to level up your smart home game? Building redundant network access points is a must-have for any tech-savvy homeowner. Not only will it give you the peace of mind that your precious smart devices and security systems are constantly connected to the internet, but it also increases the overall performance and speed of your network. Imagine no more buffering or pesky dropouts. By setting up multiple access points, you can seamlessly switch between different signal sources and ensure that your home is always connected. It may seem like a daunting task, but trust me, the end result is worth it. So, grab your tools, and let’s get started on building a network that can withstand anything!

Which smart home nodes should be left on manual control

When it comes to smart homes, the convenience of automating everything is undeniable. But sometimes, it’s good to have a little manual control over certain nodes. Sure, it’s nice to have your lights turn on automatically when you walk into a room, but what if you’re trying to set a romantic ambiance with a dimmer switch? Manual control over lighting can really add that personal touch. And let’s not forget about the thermostat – while it’s great to have it automatically adjust based on your schedule, sometimes it’s just nice to manually set the temperature before snuggling up on the couch. Don’t be afraid to take a break from automation and take control of your smart home nodes!

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Understanding Cryptography and its Relationship with Online Casinos

Cryptography wоrks by trаnsfоrming plaintеxt data into сiphertext, which cаn оnly be deсiphered with thе use of a secret key оr pаsswоrd. Тhis рrocess of encryрtion helрs to рrevent unauthоrized аccess to sеnsitivе infоrmаtion suсh аs personаl details, finаnciаl transactiоns, аnd рlayеr сredentials. By using cryptоgraphic tеchniquеs, оnline cаsinоs in Аustralia еnsurе that рlayеr data remains seсure аnd сonfidential, mitigating thе risks of data breaches аnd identity thеft. Tо mаintаin thе sеcurity аnd efficiency of thеir cryрto systems, Аustralian оnline cаsinоs imрlement rеgular uрdаtes аnd sеcurity рatches. Тhis involves staying uр to dаte with thе latest аdvаncements in cryptоgraphic prоtоcоls аnd algоrithms, аs wеll аs addrеssing any identified vulnerabilities оr weaknesses. Onе mоre thing is to cаsinоs undergo rigоrous sеcurity audits аnd аssessments to validаte thе effeсtiveness of thеir cryрto systems аnd identify areаs fоr improvement. Regulatоrs аlso рlay a crucial role in еnsuring thе use of effiсient cryрtography in оnline cаsinоs in Аustralia.

Securing Online Casino Transactions and Player Information

One оf thе kеy advantages оf using cryptоgrаphy in оnline cаsinos is thе sеcurе hаndling оf trаnsаctions. Cryptоgraphic protоcols, such аs Seсure Sockets Layеr (SSL) аnd Trаnsport Layеr Sеcurity (TLS), arе commonly used tо establish enсrypted connections between users аnd thе cаsino’s servers. Тhis еnsurеs that sеnsitivе dаtа, including finаnciаl trаnsаctions аnd рersonal detаils, arе proteсted from interceрtion аnd mаnipulаtion by malicious entities.

In аddition tо transactiоn sеcurity, cryptоgrаphy sаfeguаrds player infоrmatiоn stоred within оnline cаsino dаtаbаses. Strong encryption algorithms, such аs Advanced Encryptiоn Stаndard (AES), arе emрloyed tо encrypt sеnsitivе dаtа, making it virtually impossible fоr unаuthorized individuals tо accеss or decipher thе infоrmatiоn. Тhis еnsurеs that playеrs’ рersonal аnd finаnciаl detаils remain сonfidential аnd sеcurе.

Commonly Used Cryptographic Algorithms

Online casinos employ various cryptographic algorithms to ensure the security of their operations. These algorithms are designed to provide robust encryption, data integrity, and authentication. Some of the commonly used algorithms in online casinos include:

• RSA (Rivest-Shamir-Adleman): This asymmetric encryption algorithm is widely used for secure key exchange and digital signatures;
• AES (Advanced Encryption Standard): A symmetric encryption algorithm that provides a high level of security and is commonly used to encrypt sensitive data;
• SHA-256 (Secure Hash Algorithm 256-bit): This cryptographic hash function is used for data integrity verification and creating digital signatures.

Ensuring Sеcurity аnd Efficiеncy оf Cryptо Systems in Austrаliаn Online Casinos

Austrаliаn online cаsinos recognize thе importanсe оf maintaining up-to-datе аnd sеcurе crypto systems. Тhey employ dedicаted teams оf cyberseсurity prоfessionals to mоnitоr аnd address аny vulnеrabilitiеs that may arise. Rеgular seсurity audits аnd рenetration tеsting arе conducted to identify аnd rectify аny weaknesses in thе system. Plus, online cаsinos stay аbreаst оf thе lаtest advancements in cryрtograрhic techniques аnd adopt industry best рractices to ensure thе highеst level оf seсurity for thеir рlayers.

Increasing User Trust and Online Casino Confidence with Crypto

Cryрtogrарhy рrovides а solid foundаtiоn fоr thе seсurity аnd intеgrity of оnlinе cаsino operаtiоns. Тhrough thе use of cryptogrаphic аlgorithms аnd prоtоcоls, sеnsitivе dаtа suсh аs plаyer detаils, finаnciаl trаnsаctiоns аnd gаme rеsults аre proteсted from unаuthorized аccess аnd mаnipulаtiоn.

Cryptogrаphic tеchniquеs suсh аs SSL (Secure Sоcket Lаyer) encryptiоn creаte а secure communicаtiоn chаnnel between plаyers аnd thе cаsino plаtfоrm, protecting sеnsitivе infоrmаtiоn from interceрtiоn or fоrgery.

In аdditiоn, cryptogrаphy plаys а vitаl rolе in ensuring thе intеgrity of оnlinе cаsino gаmes. Rаndom number generаtors (RNGs) bаsed оn cryptogrаphic аlgorithms generаte unpredictаble аnd unbiаsed rеsults fоr gаmes suсh аs slots, roulette аnd blаckjаck. Вy using cryptogrаphy to ensure thе rаndomness аnd intеgrity of gаme rеsults, оnlinе cаsinos cаn demоnstrаte thеir commitmеnt to fаir plаy аnd build trust аmоng plаyers.

In аdditiоn, cryptogrаphic methods аllow оnlinе cаsinos to implеmеnt strоng user аuthеnticаtiоn mechаnisms. Тhrough thе use of digitаl signаtures, publiс kеy cryptogrаphy аnd secure login prоtоcоls, plаyers cаn be cоnfident thаt thеir аccounts аre proteсted from unаuthorized аccess.

Вy using cryptogrаphy, оnlinе cаsinos cаn build а reputаtiоn fоr being а sаfe аnd secure gаming envirоnment. This, in turn, increаses user trust аnd cоnfidence, аttrаcting more plаyers аnd strengthеning lоng-term relаtiоnships with existing customеrs.

Role of Regulators in Crypto Usage in Online Casinos

Regulators in Australia are responsible for overseeing the operations of online casinos and ensuring that they meet the necessary requirements for secure crypto usage. They work closely with casinos to establish guidelines and standards that promote the safe and responsible use of crypto in online gambling.

Australian online casinos with fast withdrawal are subject to regular audits and inspections conducted by regulatory bodies to evaluate the security measures they have implemented, including their crypto systems. These regulatory bodies verify that the casinos have robust cryptographic protocols in place to safeguard player data and financial transactions. This involves a comprehensive assessment of the encryption algorithms utilized, the strength of cryptographic keys, and the overall security architecture of the casino’s systems.

Furthermore, in addition to the auditing process, regulators closely monitor online casinos to ensure compliance with anti-money laundering (AML) and know-your-customer (KYC) regulations. These important measures are implemented to prevent fraudulent activities and ensure that players’ identities are verified before they engage in gambling activities. By adhering to these regulations, online casinos can create a secure and transparent environment that prioritizes player safety and the integrity of financial transactions.

Conclusion

Cryptocurrency hаs significаntly influenced thе оnline cаsinо industry in Austrаliа, оffering enhаnced security аnd privасy for plаyers. The аpplicаtion оf cryptogrаphy in оnline cаsinоs ensures secure trаnsаctions аnd protеcts sеnsitivе plаyer infоrmаtiоn. Вy utilizing аdvаncеd cryptоgrаphic аlgorithms аnd аdhering to regulаtory guidelines, Austrаliаn оnline cаsinоs strivе to prоvide а sаfe аnd reliаble gаmbling еxpеriеncе for thеir plаyers in thе ever-evolving digitаl lаndscаpe.

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Table of contents

1. Understanding the Programmer’s Mindset
2. Communication is Important
3. Sharing the Passion for Programming
4. Striking a Work-Life Balance
5. Tech-Free Family Time

Understanding the Programmer’s Mindset

Before delving into practical tips, it’s crucial to understand the programmer’s mindset. Programmers are often seen as highly focused, analytical individuals who thrive on problem-solving and logic. However, this does not mean they are emotionally detached or incapable of forming deep connections with their family members. In fact, their passion for coding can actually bring families closer together if channeled correctly.

Common traits in programmers:

• Problem-solving mentality: Programmers love solving complex problems and apply this approach to family life;
• Detail-oriented: They pay close attention to details, which can be both an asset and a challenge in personal relationships;
• Continuous learning: Programmers always seek to learn and improve, an attitude that inspires family members.

By understanding the programmer’s mindset, families can better appreciate their loved one’s passion for coding. They can also work together to foster a healthy balance between work and personal life.

Communication is Important

Open communication is vital in any relationship, and this is especially true for families with programmers. Programmers often work long hours and become absorbed in their projects, making it essential to maintain open lines of communication with their loved ones.

Tips for Effective Communication:

1. Establish a routine: Set aside time for regular conversations and updates about each other’s lives;
2. Listen actively: Give your full attention to your family members when they speak, and ask follow-up questions to show your interest;
3. Express your feelings: Don’t hesitate to share your thoughts and emotions with your loved ones. This builds trust and understanding;
4. Be patient: Remember that communication is a two-way street, and sometimes it may take time for your programmer or family member to open up about their work or feelings.

Sharing the Passion for Programming

For many programmers, coding is more than just a job – it’s a passion. Sharing this enthusiasm with family members can strengthen bonds and create a shared interest that transcends the digital divide.

Ways to Share Programming Love:

• Teach coding skills: Introduce your loved ones to programming by teaching them basic coding skills or enrolling them in coding courses;
• Work on projects together: Collaborate on fun coding projects, such as building a family website or creating a custom video game;
• Attend tech events: Participate in local coding events, hackathons, or meetups as a family to learn more about the programming community.

Striking a Work-Life Balance

Programmers often face the challenge of striking a healthy work-life balance. Long hours, tight deadlines, and a constant drive for improvement can make it difficult for programmers to separate their professional and personal lives. To maintain strong relationships with their loved ones, programmers must establish boundaries and prioritize family time.

Tips for a Healthy Work-Life Balance:

• Set clear boundaries: Establish specific work hours and stick to them. Avoid working during designated family time, and communicate these boundaries with your loved ones;
• Prioritize self-care: Make time for exercise, sleep, and relaxation to ensure you are mentally and physically present for your family;
• Be flexible: Understand that life is unpredictable, and sometimes you may need to adjust your work schedule to accommodate family events or emergency;
• Delegate tasks: Learn to delegate tasks at work and at home to avoid burnout and ensure you have enough time for your family.

Tech-Free Family Time

While technology has revolutionized our lives, it’s essential to disconnect from screens and enjoy quality, tech-free time with our loved ones. This can help programmers maintain a healthy balance between their passion for coding and family life.

Ideas for tech-free family activities:

1. Enjoy the great outdoors: Make time for a hike, walk, or bike ride as a family. Spending time in nature can reduce stress and promote bonding;
2. Play board games: Choose from an array of board games suitable for all ages and interests. This is a great way to engage in friendly competition and foster communication;
3. Cook together: Experiment with creative recipes or create a family cookbook. Cooking together encourages teamwork and offers an opportunity to bond over a shared meal;
4. Volunteer: Find a local organization where you can volunteer as a family. This not only benefits the community but also allows you to spend meaningful time together while making a difference.

In conclusion, navigating the digital divide between programmers and their families is not impossible. By understanding the programmer’s mindset, fostering open communication, sharing programming passion, striking a healthy work-life balance, and enjoying tech-free family time, both programmers and their loved ones can build strong, lasting relationships. With a bit of effort and understanding, programming can become a unifying force that brings families closer together.

Encouraging a supportive family environment

Creating a supportive family environment is crucial for programmers to thrive professionally and personally. By encouraging open dialogue, mutual respect, and understanding, families can create a nurturing atmosphere that helps their programmer loved ones succeed.

Tips for Fostering a Supportive Family Environment:

• Celebrate achievements: Acknowledge and celebrate your programmer family member’s accomplishments, whether it’s completing a challenging project, learning another programming language, or receiving a job promotion;
• Offer encouragement: Be there to offer support and encouragement when your loved one is facing challenges or feeling overwhelmed. Let them know that you believe in their abilities and root for their success;
• Respect their passion: Understand that programming is an essential part of your loved one’s life, and support their dedication to their craft. Encourage their pursuits and show interest in their work;
• Encourage hobbies outside of programming: While it’s important to support their passion for coding, also encourage your programmer family member to explore interests and hobbies outside of their work. This can help promote a well-rounded life and prevent burnout.

Understanding the Impact of Programming on Mental Health

The world of programming can be demanding and, at times, stressful. Families must recognize the potential impact of programming on their loved one’s mental health and offer support when needed.

Ways to Support Mental Health:

• Recognize stress signs: Keep an eye out for stress signs, such as irritability, sleep problems, or appetite changes. If you notice these signs, offer your support and encourage your loved one to take a break or seek help if necessary;
• Promote self-care: Encourage your programmer family member to prioritize self-care activities, such as exercise, meditation, or spending time with friends. These activities can boost mental health and overall well-being;
• Offer a listening ear: Be there to listen and empathize when your loved one experiences challenges or stress at work. Sometimes, just having someone to talk to can make all the difference;
• Suggest professional help if needed: If your loved one is struggling with their mental health, encourage them to seek professional help, such as therapy or counseling. Mental health is just as critical as physical health, and seeking help is a sign of strength, not weakness.

Ultimately, bridging the digital divide between programmers and their families is an ongoing process that requires patience, understanding, and open communication. By working together to create a supportive, nurturing environment, families can ensure that their programmer loved one thrives both in their career and personal life. Embracing programming as a shared interest can bring families closer together and foster deeper connections that span the digital divide.

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How can you benefit from learning a programming language in 2023?

With the AI developments, many beginners in the tech industry have doubts regarding the need for their skills. Some wonder whether this technology will take away their job and force them to change their qualifications. However, progress has always been positive for people. It means that some routine tasks will not burden you, and you can develop and explore more than was previously available. With today’s tools, it is easier to complete small projects, fix minor bugs and move on to something greater. When it comes to coding, AI is a game-changer that one should not be afraid of but harness. 

Here are some benefits you get if you start now:

• Improved critical thinking. This skill is applicable across industries. You get to know how technology works, and this knowledge is applied to any job you want to take next. 
• Work remotely. You can forget about waking up early for the commute since most jobs in tech offer you remote work and a flexible schedule. Besides, you get to work in international teams and travel whenever you want. 
• Versatile skills. Coding skills you get can be later applied in finance, healthcare, etc. So, whatever industry will blossom next will always have a spot for you.
• Salary upgrade. Whether you are on wage or salary, the level of payments is way higher than anywhere else. 
• Demand. There is always demand for full-time workers as well as freelancers. 
• Personal development. Learning to code may be a satisfying and gratifying experience that will help you grow personally. You’ll feel a sense of accomplishment and personal satisfaction as you develop your coding abilities by coming up with creative and useful solutions.
• Improved creativity: Building and creating from scratch is possible with coding, an expressive medium. Your capacity to think creatively and realize your ideas through digital platforms will grow as you learn to code.

Top 5 Popular programming languages in 2023

If you want to learn from scratch or add skills to your portfolio, here are the go-to languages for 2023:

1. JavaScript is used in web development. Businesses that focus on online presence depend on this language most, as well as digital agencies. Others include e-commerce and gaming. 
2. Python is often used in fintech and finance, machine learning, as well as data science and analytics. 
3. C/C++ is extensively used in robotics, game development, and the automotive industry. 
4. PHP is applied when designing human resources systems and enterprise resource planning applications. 
5. C# is an object-oriented language and is used for designing web, mobile, or desktop applications, especially when it comes to Microsoft. 

Wrapping up

Studying a programming language is a worthwhile investment in today’s technology-driven society since it provides skills that are always in demand and adaptable to the ever-changing technological landscape. Mastering a programming language improves your problem-solving and critical-thinking skills and your creativity and employability across other industries. In addition, your programming abilities will enable you to adapt to new languages, frameworks, and tools as technology advances, ensuring that your expertise remains relevant and up-to-date. Learning a programming language prepares you for a lifetime of growth, adaptation, and professional success in an increasingly technological environment.

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Judge for yourself: for web development, it would be nice to know PHP, JavaScript, Python, Ruby, as well as HTML and CSS; in the mobile sphere – Swift, Objective-C, Java, C #. You don’t even have to start the list of languages ​​for creating desktop applications – in fact, everyone will be useful. That is why we took upon ourselves the responsibility to name 5 programming languages ​​that need to be studied at least in a nodding manner in order to be called a programmer today.

Python

Python is perhaps the simplest programming language on our list. There are a minimum of service symbols, dynamic typing, the most understandable syntax. And if you didn’t understand much from the last sentence, this is a reason to start learning with Python.

Despite its visual simplicity, this language is one of the most powerful. It can be used with equal ease to work with text and build neural networks. Take a look:

def fib_recursion(i):
	if i > 1:
   	 return fib_recursion(i-1) + fib_recursion(i-2)
	return i
            	
for i in range(10):
	print i, fib_recursion(i)

In this code, we created our own function to calculate the Fibonacci sequence, and then display it on the screen. Only 6 lines were required to describe a rather complex mathematical operation.

It is worth mentioning that two versions are currently relevant: Python 2 and Python 3. You’d better take the latter as a basis, since support for Python 2, and therefore active development on it, will end very soon.

JavaScript

The next must have among languages is JavaScript, a browser is enough to work with it. The syntax here is an order of magnitude more complicated: service symbols and constructions with motley brackets appear, the names of functions do not always reveal the essence of the action, and even the simplest code has a structured form. Let’s take a look at the rewritten code with the Fibonacci function:

function fib_recursion(n) {
   return n < 1 ? 0
    	: n <= 2 ? 1
    	: fib_recursion(n - 1) + fib_recursion(n - 2);
}
 
console.log(fib_recursion(10));

The amount of code has remained almost unchanged, but readability has decreased. After learning Python, you can easily figure out how the return structure works, and appreciate the convenience of just this way of writing.

In addition, the JavaScript ecosystem is richer than Python. It offers an abundance of development environments, code editors, frameworks, libraries. This is another step towards understanding how “adult” programming works.

In general, JavaScript is slightly inferior to Python in terms of the range of tasks it can solve, but its capabilities are “deeper”. Knowledge of this language will come in handy when developing programs on any platform.

C #

If you have not decided on the language, then you have not yet decided what attracts you: web, mobile or desktop applications. Then your solution is C #, a universal tool for all areas of development. To create desktop applications, you need Visual Studio (the Community version is free). For the mobile world, install Xamarian, and for the web, ASP.NET comes in handy.

Let’s take a look at our C # code:

static void Main(string[] args)
{
	int number = 10;
	fib_recursion(number);
}
 
static void fib_recursion(int n, int a = 0, int b = 1)
{
	if (n == 0) return;
	Console.WriteLine(a);
	fib_recursion(--n, b, b+a);
}

The code has become slightly more complicated again – this is due to the use of the static keyword. At this stage, you will get acquainted with the competent use of memory, data scopes. Well, if you didn’t have time when getting to know JavaScript.

Swift

We come to the most interesting – languages, perfect knowledge of which will help you get into the field of mobile development. Swift is not quite versatile: it hasn’t completely supplanted Objective-C from Apple apps yet, but the outlook is bright.

The fourth version of Swift was released in 2017: it contains many improvements for working with strings, collections; increased reliability and much more. This is no longer a “raw” language, but a classic representative of the top of the TIOBE rating with a systematic development. With Swift, you can build apps for all Apple products: macOS, watchOS, iOS, and any new system if it comes up.

Let’s look at the Fibonacci sequence code:

func fib_recursion(num1: Int, num2: Int, steps: Int) {
 
	if steps > 0 {
    	let newNum = num1 + num2
    	fib_recursion(num2, num2: newNum, steps: steps-1)
	}
	else {
    	print("result = \(num2)")
	}
}
fib_recursion(0, num2: 1, steps: 10)

Java

For more than two decades, this language has been on the list of the most in demand, and that already means something. Today it is mostly associated with Android application development – but this is only a small part of its capabilities. With Java, you can create graphical widgets for the web or write desktop applications – the principle of platform and device independence is alive and well in Java.

In addition, Java is a great language to fully understand programming: all the principles of OOP are implemented here, work with memory and peripherals is organized, you can practice with functional programming.

And this is how the Java code of our sequence looks like in the simplest imperative case:

public class MainClass {
 
  public static long fib_recursion(long number) {
	if ((number == 0) || (number == 1))
  	return number;
	else
  	return fib_recursion(number - 1) + fib_recursion(number - 2);
  }
 
  public static void main(String[] args) {
	for (int counter = 0; counter <= 10; counter++)
  	System.out.printf("Fibonacci of %d is: %d\n", counter, fib_recursion(counter));
  }
}

It may seem overwhelming, but in reality these are nothing more than basic constructs that make the code understandable and reliable.

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Hello World in C

#include <stdio.h> int main(){
  printf("Hello, World!\n");
  return 0;}

Hello World in Java

class HelloWorld {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        System.out.println("Hello, World!");
    }}

Hello World in C++

#include <iostream>using namespace std; int main() {
    cout << "Hello, World!";
    return 0;}

Hello World in C#

using System; namespace HelloWorld{
    class Hello
     {
        static void Main()
         {
            Console.WriteLine("Hello World!");
        }    }
}

Hello World in Python

print("Hello, World!")

Hello World in PHP

<?php  echo "Hello, World!";?>

Hello World in R

> myString <- "Hello, World!"> print ( myString)

Hello World in JavaScript

<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html>
 <body>
   <script>
    alert( 'Hello, world!' );
  </script>
 </body>
 </html>

Hello World in Pascal

program Hello;begin  writeln ('Hello, world!')end.

Hello World in Assembler

.MODEL SMALL.STACK 100h.DATA
    HelloMessage DB 'Hello World',13,10,'$'.CODESTART:
    mov ax,@data    mov ds,ax    mov ah,9
    mov dx,OFFSET HelloMessage
    int 21h    mov ah,4ch    int 21hEND START

Hello World in Scala

object HelloWorld {  def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {
    println("Hello, World!")  
}}

Hello World in Delphi

program Helloworld;{$APPTYPE CONSOLE}uses sysutils; 
begin
   writeln('Hello, World!');  
sleep(3000);end. //end

Hello World in Kotlin

package demo fun main(args : Array<String>) {
  println("Hello, world!")}

Hello World in Ruby

puts "Hello, World!"

Hello World in Swift

import Swiftprint("Hello, World!")

Hello World in Objective-C

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h> int main (int argc, const char * argv[]){
        NSAutoreleasePool *pool = [[NSAutoreleasePool alloc] init];
        NSLog (@"Hello, World!");
        [pool drain];
        return 0;}

Hello World in Basic

PRINT "HELLO WORLD"

Hello World in Visual Basic .NET

Module Module1
    Sub Main()
        Console.WriteLine("Hello, World!")
    End SubEnd Module

Hello World in Rust

fn main() {
    println!("Hello, World!");}

The post Hello World in different programming languages appeared first on XJ3D.

Arrays
When writing a game, an array is used, so let’s first take a look at what it is. Arrays store a set of variables of the same type. If a variable looks like a box, with a type, name and value written on the side, then the array is like a block of such boxes. Both the type and the name of the block are the same, and access to a particular box (value) occurs by the number (index).

In Java, arrays are objects, they are created using the new directive. When creating, we indicate the number of elements of the array or initialize it with a set of values. The code below illustrates both options:

class Arrays {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int[] arr = new int[5];
        int[] arrInit = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
        for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
            arr[i] = i * 2 + arrInit[i];
        }
        for (int a : arr) {
            System.out.println(a);
        }
    }
}

You can work with array elements as with ordinary variables, assigning the result of an expression to them and reading stored values. In this case, the index of the array element is indicated in square brackets. Indexing in Java starts from 0 (from zero). The first loop initializes the elements of the arr array using the values ​​from the arrInit array. Each array has a length field that contains the number of its elements. The second loop prints the elements of the array to the console using the second for option – without the loop counter.

Methods
In addition to main (), a class can contain other methods. As an example, consider a class with an add () method that computes and returns the sum of two values ​​passed as parameters. Pay attention to the int type that comes before the method name – this is the return type. The two variables in brackets are parameters. The collection of the name and parameters is called the signature of the method. The method is called by name, the values ​​to be passed are indicated in parentheses. In the method, they get into the variable parameters. The return command returns the result of the addition of these two variables and exits the method.

class MethodStatic {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int c = add(5, 6);
        System.out.println("5 + 6 = " + c);
    }
 
    static int add(int a, int b) {
        return a + b;
    }
}

The word static means that the method is static. If we refer to any method from a static method, then the callee must also be static. This is why add() is static – it is called from static main(). Using static methods is the exception rather than the rule, so let’s see how to make add() non-static.

The only solution is to create an object based on the class. And then call the method with a dot after the object name. In this case, the method can be non-static. The code below illustrates this.

class MethodNotStatic {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        MethodNotStatic method = new MethodNotStatic();
        int c = method.add(5, 6);
        System.out.println("5 + 6 = " + c);
    }
 
    int add(int a, int b) {
        return a + b;
    }
}

Class fields
Variables exist only within the method where they are declared. And if you need a variable that is available in all methods of a class, then it’s time to use fields. Fields are declared like variables, specifying the type and name. But they are located not in methods, but directly in the body of the class. Like methods, they can be static or non-static. Non-static fields, like methods, are available only after the object is created.

class FieldExample {
    int a;
 
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        FieldExample field = new FieldExample();
        field.a = 12;
        System.out.println("a = " + field.a);
        System.out.println(field.getA());
        field.printA();
    }
 
    int getA() {
        return a;
    }
 
    void printA() {
        System.out.println(a);
    }
}

The above code illustrates how to work with a non-static int a field. It is customary to place descriptions of fields first in the class code, followed by descriptions of methods. We get the ability to access the field (write, read) only after the object is created. You can also see that this field is available in all non-static methods of the object, and in static main() – through a dot after the object name.

Tic-tac-toe. Class template

Let’s start writing the game code. Let’s start with a class template and defining the required fields. This is what the code below contains. The first two lines are class imports. First in the body of the class are descriptions of fields, then methods. The main() method is used to create an object (since fields and methods are non-static) and call the game() method with game logic.

import java.util.Random;
import java.util.Scanner;
 
class TicTacToe {
    final char SIGN_X = 'x';
    final char SIGN_O = 'o';
    final char SIGN_EMPTY = '.';
    char[][] table;
    Random random;
    Scanner scanner;
 
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new TicTacToe().game();
    }
    TicTacToe() {
        
    }
    void game() {
        
    }
}

We use three symbolic constants as fields: SIGN_X, SIGN_O and SIGN_EMPTY. Their values ​​cannot be changed, this is indicated by the final modifier. The two-dimensional character array table will be our playing field. You will also need a random object to generate computer moves and a scanner for user input.

Method names are usually written with a lowercase letter. However, in the code we see the TicTacToe () method – is there a violation here? No, because this method is special and is called a constructor in object-oriented programming. The constructor is called immediately after the object is created. Its name, as you can see, must match the name of the class. We use a constructor to initialize the fields.

TicTacToe() {
    random = new Random();
    scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
    table = new char[3][3];
}

Game logic
The game logic is located in the game () method and is based on an infinite while loop. Below in the code snippet, the sequence of actions is described through comments:

// initialize the table
while (true) {
     // human move
     // check: if a person wins or a draw:
     // report and exit the loop
     // computer move
     // check: if the computer wins or a draw:
     // report and exit the loop
}

When writing working code, each action – for example, “human move”, “computer move”, “check” – we will replace with a call to the appropriate method. In case of a winning or a draw situation (all cells of the table are filled), exit the loop using break, ending the game.

void game() {
    initTable();
    while (true) {
        turnHuman();
        if (checkWin(SIGN_X)) {
            System.out.println("YOU WIN!");
            break;
        }
        if (isTableFull()) {
            System.out.println("Sorry, DRAW!");
            break;
        }
        turnAI();
        printTable();
        if (checkWin(SIGN_O)) {
            System.out.println("AI WIN!");
            break;
        }
        if (isTableFull()) {
            System.out.println("Sorry, DRAW!");
            break;
        }
    }
    System.out.println("GAME OVER.");
    printTable();
}

Implementing Helper Methods
It’s time to write the code for the methods called in game (). The very first, initTable (), provides initial initialization of the game table, filling its cells with “empty” characters. The outer loop, with a counter int row, selects rows, and the inner one, with a counter int col, iterates over the cells in each row.

void initTable() {
    for (int row = 0; row < 3; row++)
        for (int col = 0; col < 3; col++)
            table[row][col] = SIGN_EMPTY;
}

You will also need a method that displays the current state of the game table printTable ().

void printTable() {
    for (int row = 0; row < 3; row++) {
        for (int col = 0; col < 3; col++)
            System.out.print(table[row][col] + " ");
        System.out.println();
    }
}

In the turnHuman () method, which allows the user to make a move, we use the nextInt () method of the scanner object to read two integers (cell coordinates) from the console. Pay attention to how the do-while loop is used: the coordinate request is repeated if the user specifies the coordinates of an invalid cell (the table cell is busy or does not exist). If everything is in order with the cell, the SIGN_X symbol – “cross” is entered there.

void turnHuman() {
    int x, y;
    do {
        System.out.println("Enter X and Y (1..3):");
        x = scanner.nextInt() - 1;
        y = scanner.nextInt() - 1;
    } while (!isCellValid(x, y));
    table[y][x] = SIGN_X;
}

The validity of a cell is determined by the isCellValid () method. It returns a boolean value: true – if the cell is free and exists, false – if the cell is busy or incorrect coordinates are specified.

boolean isCellValid(int x, int y) {
    if (x < 0 || y < 0 || x >= 3|| y >= 3)
        return false;
    return table[y][x] == SIGN_EMPTY;
}

The turnAI () method is similar to the turnHuman () method using a do-while loop. Only the coordinates of the cell are not read from the console, but are generated randomly using the nextInt (3) method of the random object. The number 3, passed as a parameter, is a delimiter. Thus, random integers from 0 to 2 are generated (within the indices of the game table array). And the isCellValid () method again allows us to select only free cells to enter the SIGN_O sign – “zero” in them.

void turnAI() {
    int x, y;
    do {
        x = random.nextInt(3);
        y = random.nextInt(3);
    } while (!isCellValid(x, y));
    table[y][x] = SIGN_O;
}

It remains to add the last two methods – a win check and a draw check. The checkWin () method checks the game table for a “winning three” – three identical signs in a row, vertically or horizontally (in a loop), as well as along two diagonals. The sign to be checked is specified as the char dot parameter, due to which the method is universal – you can check the victory by both “crosses” and “zeroes”. Boolean true is returned on victory, false otherwise.

boolean checkWin(char dot) {
    for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
        if ((table[i][0] == dot && table[i][1] == dot &&
                         table[i][2] == dot) ||
                (table[0][i] == dot && table[1][i] == dot &&
                                  table[2][i] == dot))
            return true;
        if ((table[0][0] == dot && table[1][1] == dot &&
                  table[2][2] == dot) ||
                    (table[2][0] == dot && table[1][1] == dot &&
                      table[0][2] == dot))
            return true;
    return false;
}

The isTableFull () method in a nested double loop loops through all the cells of the game table and, if they are all occupied, returns true. If at least one cell is still free, false is returned.

boolean isTableFull() {
    for (int row = 0; row < 3; row++)
        for (int col = 0; col < 3; col++)
            if (table[row][col] == SIGN_EMPTY)
                return false;
    return true;
}

Now it remains to collect all these methods inside TicTacToe. The sequence of their placement in the class body is not important. And then you can try to play tic-tac-toe with the computer.

The post Writing “tic-tac-toe” in JAVA appeared first on XJ3D.